Imai H, et al. - Researchers retrospectively assessed the efficacy and safety of cytotoxic drug chemotherapy after first-line epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR–TKI) treatment at four Japanese institutions in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring sensitive EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion/exon 21 L858R mutation). The following variables were analyzed: baseline characteristics, regimens, responses to first- and second-line treatments, whether or not patients received subsequent treatment, and if not, the reasons for non-administration. Findings demonstrated safety as well as the efficacy of second-line cytotoxic drug chemotherapy after first-line EGFR–TKI treatment among elderly patients with NSCLC harboring sensitive EGFR mutations, with equivalent outcomes to first-line cytotoxic drug chemotherapy.