Roberts DR, et al. - The intent of the authors was to analyze the effects of spaceflight on the anatomical configuration of the brain and on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces. The occurrence of narrowing of the central sulcus, upward shift of the brain, and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex was reported frequently and predominantly in astronauts after long-duration flights. A necessity arose for additional exploration, including repeated postflight imaging conducted after some time on Earth, in order to contemplate the duration and clinical importance of these changes.