Effects of single and integrated water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on child soil-transmitted helminth and Giardia infections: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Kenya
PLoS Medicine Jul 03, 2019
Pickering AJ, et al. - Via geographic clusters of pregnant women in rural western Kenya that were recruited into a cluster-randomized controlled trial, the researchers intended to determine the impact of single and integrated water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on child soil-transmitted helminth and Giardia infections. Parasitic infections after 2 years of intervention exposure were calculated. In young children in Kenya, water treatment alone and integrated water, sanitation, and handwashing interventions markedly reduced the roundworm (Ascaris, a common parasitic infection among children in low-resource settings and are neglected tropical diseases) infection prevalence. However, no betterment was observed in the effectiveness of the water, sanitation, and handwashing interventions after nutritional enhancement. Also, none of the interventions could decrease Giardia. Therefore, for Ascaris infections, especially in similar settings with current or ongoing deworming programs, integration of advanced water quality, sanitation, and handwashing could provide sustainable control approaches. Although, water treatment, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) when combined with nutrition, could not grant further benefits, and water treatment alone was similarly efficient to integrated WSH. Furthermore, for Ascaris, drinking water should be considered for increased consideration as a transmission pathway.
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