Jiang H, Jiang Y, Ma H, et al. - Via this study, rivaroxaban and warfarin impacts on gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhage in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, were investigated. For this, PubMed, Embase, and Medline were explored from the establishment of databases up to 2020. In the rivaroxaban vs warfarin groups, the rates of intracranial hemorrhage were found to be 0.55% vs 0.91%, and the rates of gastrointestinal bleeding were 2.63% vs 2.48%, respectively. Findings revealed that a significant decrease in intracranial hemorrhage risk could be conferred by treatment with rivaroxaban, vs warfarin, in patients with AF, however, gastrointestinal bleeding risk remained controversial because of no statistical significant difference. In subgroup analysis, less gastrointestinal hemorrhage risk was reported for patients in the rivaroxaban group with severe chronic renal diseases or receiving hemodialysis, relative to the group from warfarin.