Wang YC, et al. - This study was designed to determine the impact of different ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients. With continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during CPB, the alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient difference was found to be improved, as compared with apnea, but no improvement was evident in ventilation during CPB. No evidence reported improved clinical outcomes with either of these 2 strategies used in low- or intermediate-risk patients for elective cardiac surgery.