Shiraki A, Goto W, Fukagawa H, et al. - By performing this retrospective analysis, researchers focused on the influences of low-dose remifentanil infusion on the requirement for antiemetic therapy during brain mapping. Additionally, they assessed its impacts on the demand for additional analgesic therapy. Participants were patients (n = 218) who had awake craniotomy at experts' centre from 2008 to 2018. During the awake phase, low-dose (median rate: 0.01 µg/kg/min) remifentanil infusion was received by 66 patients (30.3%). An antiemetic and additional analgesic treatment was received by 49 (22.5%) and 99 (45.4%) patients, respectively. Findings revealed that a significant rise in the requirement for antiemetics but no reduction in the demand for additional analgesic treatment was brought about by low-dose remifentanil infusion during the awake phase in awake craniotomy.