Hsu CY, Cheng CY, Lee JD, et al. - This study sought to correlate the effect of long-term anti-seizure medication (ASM) monotherapy on the risk of death and new ischemic stroke in patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Researchers distinguished all hospitalized patients (≥ 20 years) with a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke from 2001 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. In this study, 3,917 (56 %) were on phenytoin, 1623 (23 %) on valproic acid, 457 (7 %) on carbamazepine, and 965 (14 %) on new ASMs among 6,962 patients with PSE using ASM monotherapy. Compared with new ASMs, use of phenytoin was associated with a higher risk of death in 5 years among patients with PSE on first-line monotherapy.