Choi JM, et al. - The long-term effect of H pylori eradication on the development of metachronous gastric cancer (MGC) after endoscopic gastric tumor resection was ascertained. In this open-label, prospective, randomized controlled trial performed at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, 898 participants with H pylori infection treated with endoscopic resection for gastric dysplasia or early gastric cancer were assigned to receive (n =442) or not receive (n =456) eradication therapy using a random-number chart. Observations revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of MGC after ER (endoscopic resection) of gastric tumors with H pylori eradication. Thus it should be considered for H pylori-positive gastric tumor patients treated with ER.