Ewing AC, et al. - This study was designed to determine the effects of concurrent exposure to antiretrovirals and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis among HIV-exposed, uninfected infants. As per findings, cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) was associated with reduced hazard of severe anemia and higher infant blood hemoglobin in addition to expected associations with increased hazard of severe neutropenia and decreased neutrophil count. Findings thereby provided additional support for CPT use in HEU infants in malaria-endemic resource-limited settings where anemia is prevalent.