Zisman AL et al. – This article discussed the evidences pertaining to lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic interventions for treating kidney stone recurrence. The authors suggested that increased fluid intake and targeted dietary modifications are mainstays of therapy for majority of the stone types. Intake of adequate dietary calcium and restriction of sodium, protein, and oxalate intake are a few specific dietary interventions associated with reduced risk of calcium stone. If lifestyle changes cannot reduce the risk of stone recurrence then pharmaceutical therapy may be required, which should be targeted to the specific metabolic abnormalities portending risk for a given patient. Thiazides, citrate salts, and uric acid–lowering agents are few therapeutic options for idiopathic calcium stone disease. Alkali salts can also be the choice of treatment for uric acid stone disease. Although struvite stone disease can be largely managed surgically, acetohydroxamic acid is a proven second–line therapy. In addition to these, cystinuria requires lifestyle modifications and thiol–binding agents. Significant heterogeneity of the clinical population with stone disease reduced the opportunities for large randomized controlled trials; however, with the availability of information on clinical phenotypes and genotypes there are increasing opportunities for targeted randomized controlled trials in stone prevention.