Lodi S, Günthard HF, Gill J, et al. - Given the recommendation for testing for transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to guide the choice of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV in high-income countries, researchers examined the virological and clinical benefit of TDR testing among participants from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration who had < 6 months of HIV diagnosis between 2006 and 2015, were ART-naive, and had measured CD4 count and HIV-RNA. They identified 25,672 individuals as eligible (82% males, 52% diagnosed in 2010 or later); of these, 17,189 (67%) were tested for TDR within 3 months of baseline. This suggests a low prevalence of TDR. Despite an association with improved virological response, TDR testing led to no reduction in the incidence of AIDS or death in the first 5 years after diagnosis.