Dorsey S, Lucid L, Martin L, et al. - Researchers intended to evaluate the effectiveness of trauma-focused CBT (TF-CBT) for improving posttraumatic stress (PTS) in children in Kenya and Tanzania who have experienced parental death, to test the impacts of TF-CBT on other mental health symptoms, and to investigate the feasibility of task-shifting with greater reliance on experienced, local lay counselors as trainers and supervisors. They designed a randomized clinical trial in urban and rural areas of Tanzania and Kenya compared TF-CBT and usual care (UC) including a total of 640 children aged 7 to 13 years between February 13, 2013, and July 24, 2015. In comparison with UC, they found that TF-CBT was more effective in decreasing PTS among children who experienced parental death in 3 of 4 sites in Kenya and Tanzania. Besides, TF-CBT was more useful in decreasing PTS only among children in rural and urban Kenya at a 12-month follow-up.