Chen R, Liu Y, Song G, et al. - In this multicentre population-based cohort study, researchers estimated the efficacy of endoscopic screening programme in decreasing incidence and mortality of upper gastrointestinal cancer in high risks areas of China. This investigation was carried out in six areas in China from 2005 to 2015. All permanent residents between 40 and 69 years of age have been identified as target individuals. The cohort analysis involved 637,500 individuals: 299,483 in the control group and 338,017 in the invited to screening group, 113,340 of whom were screened eventually. One-time endoscopic screening programme was linked to a significant decrease in upper gastrointestinal cancer incidence and mortality among people aged 40 to 69 years in high risk areas of upper gastrointestinal cancer.