Röjvall AS, et al. - Researchers examined how radiotherapy (RT) for rectal cancer affects sexual function and ovarian reserve measured by levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). They collected Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire responses and blood samples for hormone analyses, including AMH from women (aged 45 years or less) with stage I–III rectal cancer scheduled for surgery with or without preoperative (chemo)RT, at baseline and during follow-up of 2 years. In longitudinal regression analysis, they noted the mean decline of –9·33 in FSFI total score among women who had preoperative RT vs those who did not, with adjustment for age, Psychological General Well-being Index score and relationship with partner. They observed a corresponding association for arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain. These findings suggest the association of preoperative RT with impairment in sexual function in women with rectal cancer. They suggest considering this finding when discussing the choice of treatment and rehabilitation. Undetectable AMH levels in younger women following RT is suggestive of an irreversible loss of ovarian follicles.