Rittayamai N, et al. - Researchers sought to determine the impacts of three pressure-controlled (PC) modes on tidal volume (V_T), transpulmonary pressure (P_L ), inspiratory effort (esophageal pressure–time product, PTP_es), and airway occlusion pressure, P _0.1. Furthermore, the utility of P _0.1 for assessing patient effort was also investigated. Findings revealed that non-synchronized PC mode versus more synchronized modes lowered V_T and P_L in spontaneously breathing patients but could increase patient effort and may need specific adjustments.