Yaniv D, et al. - The present analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of adding endoscopy to traditional microscopic mastoidectomy in decreasing the rate of residual cholesteatoma in children. Study participants included patients undergoing primary surgery for cholesteatoma in 2009-2016 by a microscopy-only or endoscopy-assisted approach. The study sample consisted of 91 patients who had canal wall up surgery for primary cholesteatoma. According to findings, intraoperative endoscopic technique significantly reduced the residual cholesteatoma rate to 18.36% compared to 38.09% in the microscopy-only group.