Chuang LL, et al. - This randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the immediate and retained effects of electromyography (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), both in combination with bilateral arm training, on hemiplegic shoulder pain and arm function of stroke patients. Compared to TENS with bilateral arm training, EMG-triggered NMES with bilateral arm training exhibited greater immediate and retained effects with respect to pain and shoulder impairment for chronic and subacute stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.