Boulanger M, Li L, Lyons S, et al. - In a population-based study in Oxfordshire, UK (Oxford Vascular Study), researchers ascertained if, in spite of current secondary prevention guidelines, patients with TIA or ischemic stroke with coexisting cardiovascular disease (history of coronary or peripheral artery disease) have a high risk of recurrent ischemic events. Participants in the study were 2,555 patients (9,148 patient-years of follow-up). As in prior studies, in spite of current management, patients with TIA/stroke with coexisting cardiovascular disease remain at high risk of recurring ischemic events. The benefit of increased antithrombotic treatment may be offset by the increased risk of extracranial bleeding, but more intensive lipid-lowering may be justified.