Daniels B, Coutsoudis A, Moodley-Govender E, et al. - Through a randomized controlled, non-inferiority trial of 1,570 HIV-negative infants of mothers living with HIV who were actively included in transmission prevention programmes in two clinics in Durban, South Africa, experts examined whether receiving no co-trimoxazole prophylaxis was inferior to receiving co-trimoxazole prophylaxis in the resulting incidence of grade 3 or 4 common childhood illnesses or mortality in breastfed HIV-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants. It could be concluded that among breastfed HIV-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants whose mothers are accessing a prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme in an area uninfluenced by malaria no co-trimoxazole is not inferior to daily co-trimoxazole. Hence, it was believed that for HIV-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants in areas uninfluenced by malaria, WHO should revise the co-trimoxazole guidelines.