Fisher BT, Zaoutis T, Dvorak CC, et al. - Researchers examined the efficacy of caspofungin vs fluconazole against proven or probable invasive fungal disease and invasive aspergillosis during periods of neutropenia after chemotherapy in children, adolescents, and young adults with acute myeloid leukemia. In this randomized clinical trial, researchers enrolled 517 patients; however the trial was prematurely terminated due to an unplanned interim analysis that appeared to have suggested futility. Overall, the caspofungin group vs fluconazole group had a statistically significantly lower incidence of proven or probable invasive fungal disease (5-month cumulative incidence, 3.1% vs 7.2%). The authors’ findings suggest that caspofungin may be considered for prophylaxis against invasive fungal disease in this patient population, but interpretation of the study results is limited by the trial’s early termination.