Osman HA, et al. - A total of 200 candidates were estimated to study the dynamic alterations in the peripheral T lymphocytes and lymphocytes infiltrating the esophageal mucosa following treatment with a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) in subjects with GERD. They noted the following risk factors for the development of GERD: smoking, spicy food intake, analgesics, excessive tea and coffee, and nondetected risk factors. They noted significant posttreatment improvement in the histopathologic examination of esophageal biopsies among 132 cases. They found a statistically significant decline in the total CD3⁺ absolute count, T-helper lymphocyte (CD4⁺/CD3⁺) percentage, T-helper lymphocyte absolute count, and the percentage as well as absolute cytotoxic T-lymphocyte count (CD8⁺/CD3⁺) after treatment with PPI in the peripheral blood immunologic parameters.