Kanno S, et al. - To establish the ectopic expression of claudins (CLDNs) in podocytes in pediatrics nephrotic syndrome (NS), researchers conducted a study and as well as to determine its localization. Biopsy from 49 pediatric patients was obtained in order to collect renal frozen specimens. Out of them, 21 subjects were with MCD, 18 with FSGS, and 10 with Immunoglobulin A nephritis (IgA-N). In cases with MCD and FSGS before remission, similar outcomes regarding ectopic CLDN2 expression were estimated. For ruling out primary NS, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron studies of CLDN2 reflected as powerful tools. Furthermore, there could be an association between disease status and CLDN2 expression level.