Burger J, et al. - This study was carried out to draw a comparison between prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and renal toxicity rates after hip and knee total joint arthroplasty (TJA) when a first-generation cephalosporin was administered either alone or in combination with a single preoperative vancomycin dose. Researchers also assessed if dual-antibiotic PJI prophylaxis approach effectiveness was potentially influenced by vancomycin administration timing and whether single dose vancomycin use elevated the risk for renal impairment. They noted that PJI infection rates were reduced by the addition of vancomycin to cefazolin at least 45 minutes prior to the incision in primary hip and knee TJA with a low risk of renal impairment. Between treatment groups, no difference in renal toxicity was observed. The addition of a single dose of vancomycin did not significantly reduce PJI rates when compared with cefazolin alone.