Zoellner LA, et al. - In a doubly randomized preference trial, researchers examined how patient treatment preference influence the differential effectiveness of prolonged exposure and sertraline for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior to randomization, 200 patients with PTSD viewed standardized treatment rationales. Randomization of patients to choice of treatment or no choice was done first. Then randomization to prolonged exposure or sertraline was done of patients assigned to no choice. They identified significant benefits for PTSD in correlation with prolonged exposure and sertraline, with some evidence of an advantage for prolonged exposure. Preferred treatment assignment in patients with PTSD also exhibits important benefits, including enhancing adherence.