Dooley KE, Kaplan R, Mwelase N, et al. - In view of the observed challenges in treating tuberculosis and HIV concurrently, owing to drug interactions, overlapping toxicities, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, researchers here examined the efficacy and safety of dolutegravir (DTG) in adults with HIV and drug-susceptible tuberculosis. In the International Study of Patients with HIV on Rifampicin ING, HIV-1–infected antiretroviral therapy–naive adults (CD4+ ≥ 50 cells/mm³) who were on rifampicin-based tuberculosis therapy for ≤ 8 weeks were randomized (3:2) to receive DTG (50 mg twice daily both during and 2 weeks after tuberculosis therapy, then 50 mg once daily) or efavirenz (EFV; 600 mg daily) with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for 52 weeks. Among participants receiving DTG (n = 69), 64% had baseline HIV-1 RNA > 100,000 copies/mL, with a median CD4+ count of 208 cells/mm³; and among participants receiving EFV (n = 44), 55% had HIV-1 RNA > 100 000 copies/mL, with a median CD4+ count of 202 cells/mm³. For DTG and EFV, the week 48 response rates were 75% (52/69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 65–86%) and 82% (36/44, 95% CI 70–93%), respectively. Outcomes suggest that twice-daily DTG was effective and well-tolerated among adults with HIV receiving rifampicin-based tuberculosis treatment.