Zimmermann P, et al. - Researchers performed a systematic search using PRISMA guidelines for controlled studies investigating the protective effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination against non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease in immunocompetent individuals to summarize the evidence for the protective effectiveness of BCG vaccination against NTM disease. They identified 3 cohort studies in industrialized countries suggesting greatly reduced incidence of NTM lymphadenitis among BCG-vaccinated children compared to BCG-unvaccinated children. Two randomised trials in low-income countries suggested that BCG protected against Buruli ulcer for the first 12 months following vaccination. Four case-control studies had conflicting results. When deciding on recommendations for discontinuation of universal BCG vaccination programs, the protective effect of BCG vaccination against NTM ought to be considered.