Sharma NS, et al. – The study aimed to determine the association between the airway microbiome and distinct subsets of immunoregulatory myeloid–derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The findings suggested that the nasal microbiome closely resembles the microbiome of the proximal and distal airways in LTRs. The association of distinct microbial communities with airway MDSCs proposes a functional link between the local microbiome and MDSC phenotype, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).