Wang T, Yang JY, Buse JB, et al. - In this population-based cohort study of U.S. adults with diabetes, researchers explored the connection between new use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk compared with other second-line antihyperglycemics. For commercially insured (MarketScan) and older adults (Medicare fee-for-service, 20% random sample) patients from January 2007 to December 2016, they introduced an active-comparator, new-user cohort design using two U.S. administrative claims databases. The study sample consisted of patients (aged ≥ 18 years) who started DPP4i vs sulfonylureas (SUs) or started DPP4i vs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and without a prior diagnosis, treatment, or procedure for IBD. For this analysis, 895,747 eligible patients initiating DPP4i, SU, or TZD were identified. Data reported that the incidence rates of IBD ranged from 11.6 to 32.3/100,000 person-years. Findings indicate that the risk of IBD is not increased by short-term DPP4i therapy.