Peng X, Sun T, Yao P, et al. - In order to define genes implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in HIV-1 infection, researchers compared HIV-1 infected people and healthy control participants for the expression of immune regulation genes. A series of immune regulatory genes in viremic treatment-naïve HIV-positive donors, patients taking highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV-negative healthy controls, was analyzed via gene expression analysis. They discovered A20, CYLD, DDX24, MARCH5, MKRN2, PTP1B, RNF125, S1PR1, SOCS1, IFI35, RBCK1, TTLL12 and USP18 as differentially expressed genes. A20, S1PR1, and USP18 were identified as the three most differentially expressed genes. A positive correlation of USP18 with viral load was also observed. The potential for being a therapeutic target was suggested for 13 immune regulation genes that were recognized in comparisons including viremic treatment-naïve HIV-positive donors, HAART-treated patients and healthy control participants.