Zhuo Z, Su L, Duan Y, et al. - Thirty-one with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) and 24 without NPSLE (non-NPSLE) individuals and 32 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were enrolled in order to examine brain perfusion patterns in SLE patients with NPSLE and non-NPSLE and to recognize biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPSLE using noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) arterial spin labeling (ASL). In contrast to non-NPSLE persons, NPSLE individuals exhibited significantly decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. CBF within various brain regions like cingulate and corpus callosum exhibited significant relationships with the SLE Disease Activity Index and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index scores. In differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE individuals, ROC analysis demonstrated moderate performance with AUCs > 0.7, while SVM analysis exhibited that CBF within the corpus callosum attained an accuracy of 83.6% in differentiating NPSLE from non-NPSLE persons. Various brain perfusion patterns were noted among NPSLE and non-NPSLE persons. Thus, for the diagnosis and disease monitoring of NPSLE and non-NPSLE persons, CBF measured by noninvasive 3D ASL could be a beneficial biomarker.