Purdue MP, Rhee J, Moore L, et al. - This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between these subtypes and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk factors within a case-control study conducted in Eastern Europe. Researchers examined risk factor data for ccA (n=144) and ccB (n=106) cases and 1,476 controls through case-only and case-control comparisons to evaluate risk factor differences across subtypes using logistic and polytomous regression models. They also conducted a meta-analysis summarizing case-only results from this study and three patient cohorts. The outcomes imply the existence of etiologic heterogeneity across clear cell renal cell carcinoma molecular subtypes for several risk factors.