Afshar N, et al. - Using cancer registry data for first primary cancers diagnosed between 1982 and 2015 in Victoria, Australia, researchers evaluated sex differences in cancer survival and explored their temporal and age-related patterns. For men, a survival disadvantage was seen in head and neck, esophagus, colorectum, pancreas, lung, bone, melanoma, mesothelioma, kidney, thyroid, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conversely, women had lower survival in cancers of the bladder, renal pelvis, and ureter. Results of this study suggested that identifying the underlying reasons behind sex differences in cancer survival might improve outcomes for men and women. It was noted that the excess mortality rate ratio (EMRR) declined with increasing age at diagnosis for the majority of cancers with survival differences while the EMRR increased with time since diagnosis of colorectal, esophageal, and kidney cancer.