Levine MM, Nasrin D, Acácio S, et al. - Researchers designed an analysis of the GEMS case-control study and 12-month GEMS-1A follow-on study to examine the risk of death with each diarrhea type and the specific pathogens associated with fatal outcomes. In Africa and Asia, GEMS was a prospective, age-stratified, matched case-control study done at seven sites. A total of 11,108 children were included in this study. The risk of death was compared during the period between enrolment and one follow-up household visit has done about 60 days later (range 50–90 days) in children with MSD and LSD and their respective controls. The results suggested that the risk of death is raised following MSD and, to a lesser extent, LSD. More deaths are expected among children with LSD than in those with MSD, considering there are approximately three times more cases of LSD than MSD in the population. Implementing vaccines and rapid diagnosis and treatment interventions against these major pathogens are rational investments because the major attributable LSD-associated and MSD-associated pathogens are the same.