Boesen MS, et al. - In this nationwide population-based cohort study, researchers assessed the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in 2,055 children (<18 years). For this investigation, Fisher’s exact test was utilized to examine distribution differences of OCB positivity in acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) before and after 12 years of age and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of OCBs to distinguish ADS from the other diagnostic groups. Findings suggested that compared to the other diagnostic groups, cerebrospinal fluid OCBs were not predictive of ADS before age 12. However, cerebrospinal fluid OCB testing in a clinical setting can be of higher yield in children (aged 12–17) years if there is clinical suspicion of multiple sclerosis and in such circumstances, a positive test supports multiple sclerosis diagnosis.