Gao J, et al. - A total of 225 prostate cancer (PCa) subjects with preoperative multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and whole-mount pathological sections were recruited in a study by the researchers in order to contrast the diagnostic performance of mpMRI parameters for Gleason score (GS) and cellularity metrics of PCa in the peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) separately. Detection rates of index lesions (highest GS or largest dimension) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) were assessed. Three hundred and ninety-eight lesions were distinguished, with 87.1% (196/225) and 86.8% (249/287) index lesions and csPCa detected, respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters, especially ADC_mean, associated better with GS and produced a significantly greater area under the curve in differentiating GS 6 from GS ≥7 among PZ lesions in comparison with T2 parameters. A significantly moderate relationship was exhibited by ADC_mean with the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear fraction, yet, for TZ lesions, all parameters displayed a poor relationship with GS and cellularity metrics. Hence, mpMRI could efficiently discover index and csPCa lesions. Moreover, ADC parameters, especially ADC_mean, associated better with GS and cellularity metrics vs T2 in PZ, however, all parameters illustrated poor performance within TZ lesions.