Chen YL, et al. - Using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance database, investigators conducted a retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study to determine whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) further increases the risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—a known risk factor for dementia. Between 2000 and 2002, they collected claims data for 4,451 patients with type 2 diabetes and DKA and 8,902 diabetic controls matched for age, sex, diabetes complication severity index, frequency of clinic visits, and baseline comorbidities. They excluded patients with type 1 diabetes or prior hypoglycemia before index date. The dementia incidence rate ratio for patients with DKA vs diabetic patients without DKA was 1.62. Researchers found that DKA patients with type 2 diabetes were at increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia but not non-Alzheimer's dementia.