Bayu B, et al. – The goal of this case–control study was to identify the determinants of virological failure among HIV–infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Authors identified that patients aged <35 years and with recent low CD4 count, poor adherence to treatment and longer exposure to ART have a positive and significant association with virological treatment failure. Therefore, they recommend implementation of evidence–based intervention to improve adherence to ART, which in turn helps to boost immunity (CD4) and suppresses viral replication and load. In addition, they suggest giving attention to younger patients who have had ART for longer periods.