Lo Re V, Newcomb CW, Carbonari DM, et al. - End-stage liver disease (ESLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HIV are often caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, so researchers assessed factors that contribute to high rates of liver complications in HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals. This retrospective cohort study of HIV/HBV-coinfected patients was conducted in 10 US and Canadian cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design that validated ESLD (ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, variceal hemorrhage, and/or hepatic encephalopathy) and HCC diagnoses from 1996 to 2010. They identified 111 liver complications among a total of 3,573 HIV/HBV-coinfected patients with 13,790 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate = 8.0 events/1,000 person-years). Among these patients, factors that determined liver complications were non-black/non-Hispanic race, diabetes, lower CD4 cell count, heavy alcohol use, and advanced liver fibrosis. They emphasize focusing on sustained HIV suppression in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients to diminish the risks of ESLD/HCC.