Oh ES, et al. - The purpose of this review was to abridge the current state of the art in terms of the diagnosis and treatment of delirium. It also aimed at underscoring the crucial areas for prospective research to advance the field. Such advancements could improve the detection and risk stratification of delirium. Prevention of delirium using nonpharmacologic approaches was effective. However, controversy existed with regard to the pharmacologic prevention and treatment of delirium.