Kowall B, et al. - Researchers examined the link between HbA1c and ankle-brachial index (ABI) in subjects with and without diabetes in a population-based cohort study in Germany (Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study), which included 4,814 subjects aged 45–75 years. At baseline and at 5- and 10-year follow-up, participants' ABI were measured. The investigators excluded individuals with ABI < 0.9, ABI > 1.4, or self-reported peripheral arterial disease at baseline. As a reference, they used subjects without diabetes and with HbA1c < 5.7%. Compared with well-controlled diabetes, a stronger decline in ABI was observed in poorly controlled diabetes. An increased decline in ABI over 10 years was not evident in subjects with newly detected diabetes diagnosed by the new HbA1c criterion (≥ 6.5%).