Lesko CR, et al. - Researchers investigated the all-cause mortality associated with history of injection drug use (IDU) in four cohorts of persons in continuity HIV care in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinic with a validated diagnosis of end-stage liver disease (ESLD; n = 67), end-stage renal disease (ESRD; n = 187), cancer (n = 424), and myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke (n = 213) from 1996 through approximately 2014. Observations revealed strikingly similar risk and hazard of mortality among persons with a history of injection drug use and non-IDU after several major noncommunicable disease (NCD) diagnoses. In this cohort, higher mortality was noted after cancer diagnosis for persons with a history of IDU than those without; this may be because of being diagnosed with a different mix of specific sites and stages of cancers.