Bai XJ, et al. - Given severe immunodeficiency or immune disorders may be the main reason for TB (tuberculosis) recurrence, researchers measured serum inflammatory cytokine and soluble adhesion molecule levels in Re-treated smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients before and after re-anti-TB drug therapy. During the re-treatment period, an upward trend was noted in IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and soluble CD54 levels and IL-2/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios after re-treatment. They showed more sensitivity than other cytokines and adhesion molecules and could be effective as serum indicators for re-treatment response. Treated TB patients showed an elevated Th1 response but reduced Th2 and Th17 response.