Merino–Espinosa G, et al. – The goal of this trial was to verify the misdiagnosis of leishmaniasis as different granulomatous diseases in Leishmania infantum endemic areas, and contribute to the improvement of cutaneous leishmaniasis/mucosal leishmaniasis (CL/ML) diagnosis. In L. infantum endemic areas, a high percentage of granulomatous lesions of unknown origin (GLUO) was the result of Leishmania infection. The main consequences were delayed diagnosis and underestimation of the real incidence. It was reported that PCR performed on paraffin–embedded tissue was found to be a reliable tool for diagnosis of CL/ML. It ought to be carried out routinely in any granulomatous dermatitis, even when the morphological features were not stereotypical of leishmaniasis.