Wright ME, et al. - The best treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer was investigated by comparing the cost-effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy (complete chemotherapy and chemoradiation before surgery) and the current standard of care (neoadjuvant chemoradiation then radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy). For locally advanced rectal cancer, outcomes favored an approach of total neoadjuvant therapy then radical surgery vs current standard of care in this cost-effectiveness analysis. As per sensitivity analysis, a vital role is played by a low rate of adjuvant chemotherapy administration in lowering the cost-effectiveness of the current standard of care.