Orb Q, et al. - In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), researchers compared local and systemic inflammatory gene expression to determine whether systemic inflammation markers are associated with disease severity and disease-specific quality of life (QOL). A prospective observational study comparing 16 CRS patients to 10 controls was conducted. According to results, CRS patients exhibited significant increases in the expression of ctla4 and jak1 in sinonasal tissue and blood, while hla-dqa1, hla-dqb1, and dusp4 gene expression in CRS patients decreased significantly compared to controls. Soluble and local ctla4 and jak1 demonstrated a significant positive association with clinical markers of disease severity and disease-specific QOL. Findings revealed that local and systemic gene expression associated with T-cell immune signaling was found to be significantly altered in patients with CRS' blood and sinonasal tissues vs controls and significantly correlated with disease severity and QOL in CRS patients.