He H, Zhu WT, Nuyt AM, et al. - Since little is known about early life endocrine characteristics in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) subtypes, researchers conducted this nested case-control study to ascertain if SGA infants with stunting or wasting have similar alterations in neonatal endocrine metabolic health biomarkers. Participants in the study were 146 SGA (birth weight < 10 th percentile) and 155 optimal for gestational age (OGA, 25 th-75 th percentiles) infants. The research is the first to show that SGA infants with wasting only are characterized by low HMW adiponectin concentrations, whereas those with stunting only are not. Low proinsulin and high ghrelin concentrations characterize SGA with both stunting and wasting.