Spencer JA, et al. - Authors evaluated the relationships between lifetime exposure to fluoridated water (%LEFW) and childhood caries as an alternative for evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of water fluoridation. Consistent associations between %LEFW and childhood caries, which persisted when socioeconomic differences were adjusted across exposure groups were noted in the analysis of contemporary data representative of the Australian child population. The data supported the continued effectiveness of water fluoridation.