Hayashi H, Naka Y, Sanchez J, et al. - As patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation commonly experience functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) and atrial fibrillation (AF), researchers here examined the characteristics and prognostic significance of FMR and AF in these patients. They retrospectively reviewed a total of 380 patients who underwent LVAD implantation and divided them into 6 groups: no PeAF (persistent or permanent AF) and no significant FMR (Group 1), no PeAF and significant FMR (Group 2), PeAF and no significant FMR (Group 3), PeAF and significant FMR (Group 4), concomitant mitral valve surgery at LVAD implantation without PeAF (Group 5), and with PeAF (Group 6). Per outcomes, the coexistence of significant FMR and PeAF (persistent or permanent AF) seemed to represent a poor prognostic marker in these patients.