Bashir Q, et al. - In a randomized trial, researchers tested the hypothesis that patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous haemopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) could achieve longer progression-free survival on receiving conditioning therapy with busulfan plus melphalan vs melphalan alone. They randomly assigned (1:1) 205 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who were eligible for cell transplantation aged 70 years or younger with at least stable disease to conditioning therapy with busulfan plus melphalan or melphalan alone. Findings suggest that for these patients, busulfan plus melphalan could replace melphalan alone as the conditioning regimen if confirmed in other ongoing studies. Median progression-free survival was 64.7 months vs 43.5 months with with busulfan plus melphalan vs melphalan alone, respectively.