Yoh K, Matsumoto S, Furuya N, et al. - In this multicenter cohort study of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), researchers sought to determine the links among PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and oncogenic driver alterations. Total 1017 lung cancer patients were involved. Four IHC assays (22C3, 28-8, SP263, SP142) were used to determine PD-L1 expression. Acceptable concordance was demonstrated by the results of 22C3 and 28-8 for PD-L1 expression, and ICIs-induced clinical results classified by PD-L1 expression by both assays were also more or less the same. A good response to ICIs was seen in patients with both high PD-L1 expression and high TMB; response rate was 64% and median progression-free survival was 9.0 months despite the small population. Overall, it was inferred that better prediction of the clinical results of ICIs in NSCLC cases would be achieved by comprehensively evaluating PD-L1 expression, TMB, and oncogenic driver alterations.